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efamation and contumely,2029; implicit and explicit defamation, 2030 b; direct and indirectdefamation, 2030 d; e The Vices Opposed to Studiousness. Anexception is the case of the Pauline Privilege; but even then the bondof the first marriage remains till the second is contracted (see 2787e). Itis generally admitted that there is no grave sin even in a solemn andofficial performance of a Sacrament, if the Sacrament is urgen

Probabilism is ruled out in this instance, for there is no doubt aboutthe law and its application: we must not directly kill what is probablya human being. ying in a just warcannot be called martyrs of religion, but according to the secondopinion they may be ra tians, whether they be Catholics ornon-Catholics; and a marriage contracted between non-Christians becomesa Sacrament on the Baptism of the parties. Duties of the Confessor as Judge in Hearing the Case.